ACCA BT
ACCA Business and Technology (BT) Flashcards
Define what is meant by an ‘organisation’.
What separates an organisation from its environment?
What is a closed system?
What is an open system?
Are all not-for-profit organisations public sector organisations?
What distinguishes commercial, not-for-profit, public sector, NGO and co-operative organisations?
What are the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors?
What does PESTEL stand for?
What are Porter’s five forces?
Should Porter’s five forces theory be applied to all companies in the country
What types of change are considered under the political element of PESTEL?
What types of change are considered under the economic element of PESTEL?
What types of change are considered under the social element of PESTEL?
What is the purpose of Porter’s value chain?
Distinguish primary activities from support activities in Porter’s value chain.
Which SWOT factors are internal and which are external?
What is a value network?
What is a stakeholder?
Into what three categories can stakeholders be divided
What is the purpose of stakeholder analysis?
Give examples of internal stakeholders.
Give examples of connected stakeholders.
Give examples of external stakeholders.
What two dimensions are used in Mendelow’s stakeholder matrix?
How should high-power, high-interest stakeholders be managed?
How should high-power, low-interest stakeholders be managed?
How should low-power, high-interest stakeholders be managed?
In the EU, what is the difference between a regulation and a directive?
What is statute law?
What is case law?
What is judicial precedent?
What is personal data under data-protection law?
State three core data-protection principles.
Name four important rights of a data subject.
What restriction applies to transferring personal data outside the protected area?
Name four common risks to organisational data.
Why must organisations safeguard personal and business data?
What are the five causes of inflation?
What are six types of unemployment?
What is frictional unemployment?
What is structural unemployment?
What are the three elements of a government’s fiscal policy?
What causes a deficit?
What are the four ways in which monetary policy can be managed?
Describe regressive tax.
Describe proportional tax.
Describe progressive taxes
What is the law of demand?
What is the law of supply?
What is the equilibrium price?
What can cause the demand curve to shift to the right?
What can cause the supply curve to shift to the right?
What is price elasticity of demand?
What is income elasticity of demand?
What are the main characteristics of perfect competition?
What are the main characteristics of a monopoly?
How do monopolistic competition and oligopoly differ?
What is the name of a system which receives no inputs from, or sends no outputs to, its environment?
What is the name of a system which receives inputs from and sends outputs to its environment?
Are not-for-profit organisations public sector organisations?
Describe what is meant by a direct and an indirect tax
What is the difference between the balance of trade and the current account.
What is an entrepreneurial organisational structure?
What is a functional organisational structure?
What is a matrix organisational structure?
What are the three levels in Anthony’s hierarchy?
Describe a tall, narrow structure in terms of management layers and span of control.
Describe a wide, flat structure in terms of management layers and span of control.
What are five advantages of decentralisation?
What is the formal organisation?
What is the informal organisation?
What is a divisional organisational structure?
What are the three forms of boundaryless organisation?
What are the main functions commonly found in an organisation?
What does a treasury department typically manage?
How do strategic, tactical and operational levels differ?
What is the difference between span of control and scalar chain?
What is the main risk of excessive decentralisation?
Distinguish downsizing, delayering, outsourcing, offshoring and shared services.
What is a group norm, and why can it matter to management?
Why can a profitable business still fail through poor cash management?
What are the seven elements of the cultural web?
What are Charles Handy’s four cultural types?
What are Schein’s three levels of culture?
What are Hofstede’s four dimensions of national culture?
What is the organisational paradigm in the cultural web?
What characterises a power culture?
What characterises a role culture?
What characterises a task culture?
What characterises a person culture?
Why does national culture matter to organisations?
What is meant by the ‘agency problem’ in corporate governance?
Under Corporate Governance rules, which two roles should be split?
Which board committee is responsible for suggesting new directors for appointment?
Which board committee is responsible for advising on directors’ pay and bonuses etc
In Corporate Governance, what is meant by ‘comply or explain’?
What is the name of the United States act that deals with Corporate Governance.
What is corporate social responsibility?
What is marketing?
What is the marketing concept?
What is market segmentation?
Name four common bases for consumer-market segmentation.
What is market targeting?
What are the four Ps of the marketing mix?
What three additional Ps are often used for services?
What decisions are included under “product” in the marketing mix?
What decisions are included under “place” in the marketing mix?
How should marketing support organisational strategy?
What is an entrepreneurial business structure?
What is a functional business structure?
What is a matrix structure?
What are these three layers?
Name five advantages to decentralisation.
What is a transaction processing system (TPS)?
What are five differences between financial accounts and management accounts?
What is GAAP?
Who are the main users of accounting information?
What is the main purpose of an external audit?
What is the main purpose of internal audit?
Give two key differences between internal and external audit.
Who is responsible for preparing financial statements and who reports on them?
Who are responsible for preventing and detecting fraud?
What are the two parts of an internal control system?
What is meant by the internal control environment?
Who are responsible for setting up the system of internal control?
Who are responsible for preparing the financial statements?
What are the main objectives of internal control?
Why is segregation of duties an important control?
What controls are especially important in IT systems?
What are the three stages of money laundering?
What should an accountant do when money laundering is suspected?
It is sometimes said that information should comply with the acronym ‘ACCURATE’.
In Corporate Governance, what is a ‘NED’?
What management level would you expect to deal with
What are Henri Fayol’s five functions of management?
Who is associated with scientific management?
What is the essence of scientific management?
What are the benefits and the main problem with scientific management?
According to Drucker’s style theory, what are the three functions of management?
Drucker’s style theory proposed three functions of management
What are Mintzberg’s three managerial roles?
Define ‘power’
Define ‘authority’
Define ‘delegation’
What are the four types of leadership style suggested by Ashridge Management College in descending order of autocracy.
What are the two axes of Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid?
Describe the ‘country club’ style of management in terms of Blake and Mouton’s grid.
What are the three matters of concern in Adair’s action-centred leadership theory?
What is meant by a ‘contingency theory’ of management/leadership?
Describe Fiedler’s approach to leadership
What distinction did Bennis draw between managers and leaders?
What three situational variables determine favourableness in Fiedler’s contingency model?
What are the five levels of need in Maslow’s hierarchy (ascending order)?
What are the two classes of factor in Herzberg’s theory of motivation?
What is the consequent of poor hygiene factors in Herzberg’s theory of motivation?
What is McGregor’s theory of motivation
Describe ‘intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’ rewards.
What are the three methods of job design?
Describe job enlargement, job rotation and job enrichment.
Why is Maslow’s hierarchy criticised?
Give examples of Herzberg hygiene factors and motivators.
Why is pay alone often an incomplete motivator?
What is Handy’s definition of a group and what did he suggest are a group’s four characteristics?
What are the eight (or nine) team roles identified by Meredith Belbin?
What are Tuckman’s four (or five) stages of team development in time-order?
Distinguish a formal group from an informal group.
What is the difference between a team and a committee?
What factors increase group cohesiveness?
What are signs of an effective team?
What are signs of an ineffective team?
What is social loafing?
Why are group norms important?
Describe training, development and education.
What are Honey and Mumford’s four learner types?
What are the four steps of Kolb’s experiential learning theory?
What are the main stages of the learning process?
How does an activist prefer to learn?
How does a reflector prefer to learn?
How does a theorist prefer to learn?
How does a pragmatist prefer to learn?
Why should training objectives be specific and measurable?
What is the difference between on-the-job and off-the-job training?
What three elements or purposes are present in most reviews?
What are the main purposes of performance appraisal?
What is a 360-degree appraisal?
What is self-appraisal?
What is the halo effect in appraisal?
What is the horns effect in appraisal?
What is recency bias in appraisal?
What is central-tendency bias?
What should a manager prepare before an appraisal interview?
What should result from an effective appraisal interview?
Monitor, disseminator and spokesman are terms associated with which of Mintzberg’s managerial roles?
Figurehead, liaison and leader are terms associated with which of Mintzberg’s managerial roles?
Improver/changer, disturbance handler negotiator and resource allocator are terms associated with which of Mintzberg’s managerial roles?
What are coaching mentoring and counselling?
What is a personal development plan?
What is the difference between competence and competency?
Why are competency frameworks useful?
What makes a development objective SMART?
Name four useful time-management techniques.
Distinguish coaching from mentoring.
What is counselling in the workplace?
Name common sources of workplace conflict.
How can workplace conflict be resolved constructively?
What are the three directions in which communication can take place?
Name seven potential barriers to communication.
What are the four patterns of communication identified by Leavitt?
Which of the chain or wheel provides faster communication?
What are the main elements of the communication process?
Distinguish downward, upward, horizontal and diagonal communication.
What factors should influence the choice of communication medium?
What is information overload?
What is the main advantage and disadvantage of the wheel network?
What is the main advantage and disadvantage of the circle network?
What organisational level would you expect to deal with information that is historical, internal and detailed?
List five influences on ethical behaviour:
What is IFAC?
What is the purpose of IFAC?
What are the fundamental principals of the ACCA’s Code of Ethics and Conduct?
What is cloud computing?
What benefits does cloud computing bring to an accountancy function?
What is meant by automation in an accounting system?
What is artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of an accounting system?
How do automation and AI affect the role and effectiveness of accountants?
What is meant by 'big data'?
What is data analytics?
How can big data and data analytics improve the effectiveness of accountancy and audit?
What is a blockchain?
What are the key features of a distributed ledger?
What are the applications of blockchain technology in accountancy?
What is cyber security?
What are the key risks to data that cyber-attacks bring?
What features protect the security of IT systems and software in a business?
List ways in which a business can affect its physical environment.
List ways in which a business can be affected by its physical environment.
Which element of PESTEL covers sustainability, and what does it examine?
Describe ways in which a business can operate more sustainably.
What is the difference between a business reducing its environmental impact and offsetting it?
What is meant by sustainability for a business?
Identify the benefits of sustainability to a business's stakeholders.
How does operating sustainably benefit a business financially?
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